Citrus Production, Forming, An Overview

Citrus production is largely regulated by the availability of nutrients in the soil, which is affected by its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Soils under citrus cultivation vary in the major producing regions of the world from the subtropical to the tropical and Mediterranean-type areas.

Common Citrus Fruits.

• Oranges
• Lemon.
• Grapefruits
• Tangerines
• Clementine
• Limes
• Pomelos
• Kumquats

Oranges

Oranges are a classic citrus fruit that are high in vitamin C and fibre. They are relatively easy to peel and can be eaten as a snack or used in recipes such as salads and smoothies. There are different types.

• Tangerines
• Clementine

Lemons

 Lemons are high in vitamin C and potassium. They can be used in many different types of recipes, such as dressings, sauces, and drinks, or can be squeezed over foods for added flavour.

Grapefruits

 Grapefruits are slightly tart fruits that are high in vitamin C and vitamin A. They can be eaten as a snack or used in recipes such as salads and juices.

Limes

Limes are such kind its branch that are high in vitamin C and calcium. They can be used in many recipes, such as dressings, sauces, and drinks, or can be squeezed over foods for added flavor.

Pomelos

The pomelo also known as a shaddock and from the family Rutaceae, is the largest citrus fruit, and the principal ancestor of the grapefruit.

Kumquats

Kumquats are small, oval-shaped citrus fruits with a sweet peel and sour flesh. They are often eaten fresh or used to make preserves.

Calamondins

Calamondin is an acid fruit originating in China, which was introduced to the U.S. as an “acid orange” about 1900.

Citrus Forming

A career in its production has never been as popular as it is now; competition is strong and standards are getting high based on market demand and value chain approach. Its farmers must aim higher and see it as an opportunity for a lifelong career. There have been significant changes in its production worldwide over the years offering new standards, techniques, products and opportunities. Many career
options are also available. It is a tree of a genus that includes lemon, lime, orange and grapefruit.

Demonstrate Knowledge And Overview

• State the types and origins.
• Identify the producing countries in the world.
• Identify its producing belts and districts.
• State production levels of major producing countries.
• State production levels.

Knowledge about its benefits.

• State the medicinal values.
• State the nutritional values.
• State the cosmetic values.

Knowledge About Economic Values

• Explain employment opportunities in its farming.
• Identify inputs for its production.
• Explain the economic importance of citrus by-products.

Planting Procedure.

• Land preparation. This is made easier and effective by use of CLAMPDOWN 480SL 200ml/20l, a non-selective herbicide which kills all types of weeds.
• Prepare planting holes about 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5M.
• Fill the holes with topsoil mixed with manure and DAP. In order to improve on nutrients uptake by the young plants as well as stimulating growth, it is advisable to incorporate manure and DAP with HUMIPOWER at the rate of 1ton manure and 50kg fertilizer in 1kg Humi power each.
• Water the holes unless the soil is wet enough.
• Plant the grafts in the holes in the same depth as they were in the nursery. The bud union should be about 300mm above on the ground.

Spacing

standard-sized should be spaced 12-25 feet apart while dwarf should be set 6-10 feet apart.

Irrigation

Its trees require regular water supply. Since rainfall is often poorly distributed and in most cases deficient. It is necessary to supplement moisture by irrigation to ensure that moisture stress do not suppress growth and production.

Pruning

 dead wood must be removed regularly. When the trees become too big and start growing into one another, pruning is also recommended.

Weeding

 it is very important to keep the area under the canopy free from weeds. This is because the weeds compete for growth factors like nutrients and water and harbor pathogens.

PESTS & DISEASE CONTROL

There are many types of diseases. All diseases must be known.

• False coddling moth
• Aphids
• Orange dog caterpilla
• Whiteflies.
• Fruit fly.
• Leaf miner.
• Brown soft scale.
• Thrips.
• Bud mite.
• Canker.
• Sooty mold.
• Bacterial blast.
• Brown Rot.

NUTRITION & NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES

In order to remain healthy and produce optimally, the plants require sufficient nutrients, both macro and micronutrients. Nutrients that are needed in relatively large amounts are called the macronutrients.

Basal fertilizers

Basal fertilizers are absorbed by the plants through the roots and include DAP, CAN, NPK, UREA, among others. They should be mixed with HUMIPOWER at the rate of 50:1, which helps in improving nutrient uptake by the plants as well stimulating growth.

Foliar fertilizers

Foliar fertilizers are absorbed by the plants through the foliage and they supply both macro and micro nutrient elements. They include OPTIMIZER,  DIMIPHITE, ZINC GOLD, LAVENDER, GOLDCHANCE RANGE, LEGENDARY, PORTEGE GOLD, VITABOR GOLD, among others.

Nitrogen Deficiency

Deficiency is expressed by light green to yellow foliage over the entire tree in the absence of any distinctive leaf patterns. With yellow vein chlorosis, the midribs and lateral veins turn yellow while the rest of the leaf remains a normal green color. This chlorosis is frequently attributed to girdling of individual branches or the tree trunk.

Phosphorus Deficiency

Deficiency symptoms begin at the mature/older leaves which partly turn yellow and in severe cases small brownish to bronze freckles develop, spreading over the leaf blade.

Potassium Deficiency

The leaf margins of older leaves turn pale yellow or sometimes bronze. As deficiency progresses, chlorosis spreads over the entire leaves. Fruit are smaller, have smoother, thinner rinds and may be subject to splitting and/or drop.

Zinc Deficiency

The initial stages of deficiency appear as small blotches of yellow between green veins on the leaf, and as severity increases, leaves may become increasingly yellow except for the green veinal areas. Leaves also become small with narrow pointed tips on terminal growth.

Conclusion

Its production is largely regulated by the availability of nutrients in the soil, which is affected by its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. All types of are very important role in human body. There nutrients are high level important. All types produce vitamin C, fiber and Calcium source. A career in its production has never been as popular as it is now; competition is strong and standards are getting high based on market demand and value chain approach. Citrus farmers must aim higher, and see it as an opportunity for a lifelong career. Planting procedure is the basic key to produce high yield of fruits. All types of fertilizer takes an important.

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